A law project to legalize and promote the hemp and medical cannabis industries in Costa Rica will resume its progress through the Legislative Assembly this week, per a report in La Republica.
The bill is promoted by independent deputy Zoila Rosa Volio, an agronomist by training, who sees in hemp and marijuana plants a crop with great economic potential for Costa Rican farmers, given the international demand they have.
The state export promotion body calculated that there is a market of $5.7 billion a year that, according to Volio, will multiply several times in the coming years due to the growing demand in countries with a pharmaceutical industry, such as Germany.
“It is a market of billions of dollars and Costa Rica could be part of it,” Volio said in a 2020 interview.
But the project has been stalled for eight months while the Costa Rican government prioritized other initiatives.
The bill has encountered opposition in the evangelical bench of the Costa Rican Legislative Assembly. However, after being approved by an environment commission, the project can now be voted on in plenary.
An unexpected source of resistance has come from the government of President Carlos Alvarado, who argued in a letter that he supports the hemp industry but isn’t fully in favor of medical marijuana.
The Minister of Health, Daniel Salas, acknowledged there is “a growing body” of research that proves the benefits of medicinal cannabis. However, he said, its production can only occur “when the country has all the conditions to guarantee that there will be no vulnerability in security,” in reference to recreational use.
Deputy Volio proposes that the crops be made in closed greenhouses, with security measures, traceability of the plants and oil control.
Costa Rica in a global context
Costa Rica’s initiative seeks that marijuana be distributed only with medical and pharmaceutical control for people with immune problems or diseases such as Parkinson’s.
From the cannabis sativa plant, the psychoactive components — cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) — are obtained. Both have recognized analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant and neuroprotective capacities.
Hemp, from the same family but low in cannabidiol, has wide industrial use in the production of fabrics, plastics, cosmetics, biofuels and many other products.
In Uruguay, the recreational use of marijuana is authorized. If Costa Rica’s project passes, the country would be similar to legislation in Colombia, which allows for medicinal use. In Argentina, medicinal self-cultivation is also allowed.
For the doctor Marvin Atencio, a former deputy who at the time also tried to promote the issue, “you can get an incredible amount of drugs to solve problems such as epilepsy, glaucoma and chronic pain pathologies,” improving the lives of patients who do not find the solution to their ailments with traditional treatments.
With the current ban, Atencio said, patients requiring CBD or THC must seek it on the street — where marijuana extracts of questionable quality are sold — or bring it in from abroad at a higher cost.
The doctor calculated that, if produced in Costa Rica, a 30 ml bottle of cannabis oil would cost $7, a fraction of the current cost, about $80.
The proposal would open up the possibility of legally offering cannabis and hemp derivatives in Costa Rica, but some think it could be more ambitious.
Rodrigo Martín cited the case of the U.S. state of Colorado, where anyone can go to a dispensary — with or without a prescription, and for recreational use as well as medicinal.
“What Dona Zoila Rosa Volio is doing seems phenomenal to me, but I would make it more open, make it more available, so that anyone can buy it without the need for a prescription,” Martín said.
