Lawmakers in Costa Rica have passed a significant reform to the Penal Code, establishing contract killing, known locally as sicariato, as a distinct crime for the first time. The measure sets prison sentences between 20 and 40 years for those involved in such acts within criminal organizations.
The Legislative Assembly approved the bill in its second and final debate with unanimous support from 42 deputies. This comes amid a sharp rise in organized crime-related violence, including drug trafficking disputes that have driven the country’s homicide rate to record levels in recent years.
The new law adds Article 112 bis to the Penal Code. It punishes anyone who, as part of a criminal group, causes another’s death through commission, agreement, or payment with up to 40 years behind bars. Previously, these crimes fell under qualified homicide, which carried a maximum of 35 years.
Proponents argue the change sends a clear signal to criminal networks. The bill originated from the Nueva República party, with deputies David Segura and Fabricio Alvarado leading the push. They initially sought penalties up to 50 years but settled on 40 after negotiations.
The reform also introduces Article 280 bis, which addresses the promotion or solicitation of contract killings. Offenders face three to five years in prison for offering, requesting, or advertising such services, even if the murder never occurs.
This legislation builds on broader efforts to combat crime. Related measures include expanded pretrial detention for organized crime suspects and cases where adults recruit minors for offenses. Authorities say these steps aim to disrupt gangs that exploit youth in violent activities.
President Rodrigo Chaves has backed the crackdown, pointing to influences from models like El Salvador’s high-security prisons. Costa Rica recently awarded a $32 million contract for a similar facility in Alajuela to house dangerous inmates.
Critics, including some deputies, questioned the need for a new category, noting existing laws already cover paid murders. However, supporters maintain the explicit naming of sicariato strengthens prosecutions and deters participation in organized crime. The Constitutional Court reviewed the bill earlier and found no issues, clearing the way for its passage. With approval complete, the law now awaits the president’s signature to take effect.
This reform reflects Costa Rica’s shift toward stricter penalties as violence escalates. Homicides linked to drug cartels have surged, prompting calls for action from communities and officials alike. Law enforcement leaders welcome the change, expecting it to aid investigations into gang hierarchies. Prosecutors can now target not just executors but planners and recruiters more effectively.
As the country prepares for the 2026 presidential election, crime remains a top voter concern. Polls show public support for tougher laws, with jobs and security leading priorities. The new penalties mark a key step in addressing the infiltration of international crime syndicates. Officials hope it reduces the appeal of contract work for those drawn into criminal life.
