For the first time in its history, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACHR) will hear a case this week about the legality of denying a woman access to abortion services.
A woman identified only as “Beatriz” is symbolically squaring off against the Central American country of El Salvador, which enforces an absolute ban on the procedure regardless of the fetus’s health or any risk to the pregnant woman.
The country will be in the dock before the Costa Rica-based IACHR for alleged human rights violations and “torture” for forcing Beatriz to carry a non-viable fetus for nearly three months despite a risk to her health.
“The fact that the Court has agreed to hear this case strongly indicates… that the denial of any health service, including those that are controversial such as abortion, is a human rights violation,” said Maria Antonieta Alcalde of the Ipas reproductive rights NGO, which is among the plaintiffs.
Beatriz, who died in a traffic accident in 2017 after the case was filed, is taking El Salvador to task for denying her an abortion despite doctors knowing she was carrying a non-viable fetus at great risk to herself.
A form of torture
In El Salvador, abortion has been prohibited since 1998 under penalty of jail time of up to eight years. Courts frequently find women guilty of the crime of aggravated homicide instead, imposing sentences that can go up to 50 years.
Beatriz suffered from an auto-immune disease when she fell pregnant for the second time in 2013 at 20, after already going through a previous complicated birth.
The fetus was found to be unviable due to a severe developmental defect, and according to court documents, Beatriz was told she could die if the pregnancy progressed.
She sought legal recourse to be allowed to get an abortion, but saw her case thrown out by the country’s Constitutional Court. She went into premature labor and the fetus died.
Gisela de Leon of the Center for Justice and International Law (Cejil), a rights NGO also among the plaintiffs, said the state had “violated (Beatriz’s) rights to life and personal integrity” by forcing her to carry the fetus for 81 days knowing it could not survive.
“We are claiming that the suffering to which she was subjected, knowing that her right to life was at risk, is a form of torture,” said De Leon.
Beatriz’s family decided to pursue the case after her death so that “no other woman will go through what she went through,” according to her brother Humberto, 30, who withheld his surname to protect his sister’s identity.
He added his sister was a victim of a poor, marginalized upbringing which causes “such situations happening to women because they do not have access to a system that guarantees reproductive health.”
In Latin America, elective abortion is legal in Argentina, Colombia, Cuba, Uruguay, and some states in Mexico.
In several countries it is allowed in certain circumstances, such as rape or health risks, while outright bans apply also in Honduras, Nicaragua, Haiti and the Dominican Republic.
Several states in the United States have recently banned most abortions.
The IACHR will hear testimony from relatives of Beatriz and doctors who treated her. Gatherings of women are expected outside the IACHR court building in San Jose, as well as in San Salvador, capital of El Salvador.
The case will be heard over two days, with judgment expected in about six months.
